Open-hearth furnace



Dec. 8, 1925- 1,564,330

. w. DYRSSEN OPEN HEARTH FURNACE Filed June 2 1323 3 Sheets-Sheet 50 7222 10 52 '50" I 24 E i 52 1 24 2 ,64 62' r /0 l A I 2 24 I U21 2 i 1INVENTOR Waldemar D/rssen.

BY w. W,

ATTOR EY c. 8 9 45" De I w. DYRSSEN OPEN HEARTH FURNACE Filed June 28,1923 INVENTOR VWz/demarfi vrssen.

ATTOR EY Tin.

Dec 8, 1925- v 1,564,330

w. DYRSSEN OPEN HEARTH FURNACE} Filed June 28, 1,923 3 Sheets-Sheet 3avwewtbz Vl a/aemak Dfrfien.

@531 @bgww M Patented fies. 8, $25.

All?

WALEDEMAB DYRSSEN, or HEW YGRK, 1h" Y.

ornn-nnan'rn nonit/son.

Application filed June as; was. Serial No. ceases.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, WALDEMAR DYnssEN, a citizen of the United States,and resident of the city, county, and State of New York,

have invented certain new and useful Im-.

provenients" in' Open-Hearth Furnaces, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to open hearth furnace installations andparticularly to that type of plant including a boiler which is adaptedto be heated bywaste gases, and particularly to installations whereinpart of the waste gases are taken directly from the melting chamber intoa boiler and the remaining part of the gases are led throughregenerators or checker-chambers to give up their heat thereto so thatthe combustion air or producer gas which is subsequently fed theretowill be preheated.

My invention is adapted to be used with the usual type of reversiblefurnace in which the gases are alternately withdrawn from the ends ofthe furnace and the combustion air'and fuel are alternately introducedfrom the opposite ends of the furnace. In order to control the directionor flow of that part of the waste gas which is to go directly to theboiler, alternately from each end of the furnace, it has heretofore beennecessary to use valves in each of the tlues leading from the oppositeends-0f the furnace to the waste heat boiler. Such valves mustnecessarily be placed in the tines through which the gases ofexcessively high temperature flow. If these valves are not water-cooledto an-extremely high degree they are destroyed in very short time andwhen they are watercooledgthe waste gases are cooled down and hence giveup a large portion of heatwhich cannot be recovered as energy in theboiler.

In the "furnace embodying my invention I avoid the use of any valveswhatever in the tines leading from the furnace to the boiler. There is'a fine connecting each end of the furnace with. the waste heat boilerand I provide means whereby I can cause the waste gas to flow fromeither end of the furnace to the boiler without tbeuse of any valves inthe tines. In the furnace shown I control the passage of waste gas tothe boiler by introducing a jet of gas under pressure at such a v ointbetween the melting chamber and the oiler that a suction is created onthe waste gases which are withdrawn from the melting chamber in suchmanner that there will be no passage of gas through the due leading fromthe boiler to the end of the furnace where the "fuel and combustion airenter.

In order to maintain this action under varying conditions, either duringeach period of reversal or during the progress of the heat, ll providemeans for automatically regulating the quantity or pressure of the gassupplied to the jets.

An embodiment of the invention is illus trated in the accompanyingdrawings in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic plan showing the furnace inhorizontal section, the regenerators, the waste heat boiler. theconnecting fines and associated equipment:

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the furnace on the staggeredline 22-ot Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a transverse section through one and of the furnace on theline 3'3 of Fig. 2; and Fig. i is a similar section on the line 4-4 ofFig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatical plan showing the same furnace illustrated inFig. 1 and in addition showing the automatic means for regulating thesupply of fiuidto certain jets and also ,the automatic means forcontrolling the volume of gas drawn through the waste heat boiler.

In the drawings the furnace 10 is formed with rear walls 12 and frontwalls 1% having suitable charging openings 16 therein which are closedby doors, not shown. The furnace is provided with the usual roof 18.,hearth 20, tapping spout 22 and fines 24: and 24 at opposite ends of thefurnace. does 24 and 2d communicate with slag pockets 26 and 26 andthese in turn communicatewith the regenerators or checker chambers 28and 28. The lowerpart of the regenerator chambers 28 and 28'- areconnected by fines 30 and 30' with a stack 32. Valves or dampers 34 and34 are provided in the last named fines for controlling the direction offlow of the waste gases and combustion air through the furnace. A stockdamper 36 is common to both fl 318$ 30 and 30 and also the flue 38 whichleads to the waste heat boiler lfl. The fine 38 is provided with acontrol damper 39 whereby the volume of gas flowing through said flue 38to the stack can be controlled.

A. fan 42 is provided for withdrawing part of the waste gases from theflue 38 through pipe 44. and discharging such gas through either of thepipes 46-01 at accord- The through the respective fines 54 and 54 to theboiler 40, it being understood that the reversing valve 48 can beshifted to render either set of nozzles 50 or 50 effective.

A blower 56 is provided for supplying air 1 to the respective ends ofthefurnacethrough the regene'rators 28 and 28 this blower beingconnected by branch pipes 58 and 58 with the fines 30 and 30 leading tothe re- ,generators. A reversing valve 60 is provided for controllingthe direction of flow to either end of the furnace.

In operation assuming that the valve 3% is closed and the.reversingvalve 60 is in the full line position shown, air will be forced by theblower through the branch 58 and the. flue to the regenerator 28 whereit will be preheated. This heated air passes through 'the slag pocket 26and the lines 24-. at the left hand end of the furnace and through theoutlet 62 where it mixes with fuel introduced through the burner 64. Theflame developed passes over the bath giving up part of its heat to thebath or metal charge and the 'aste gases are withdrawn from the oppositeend of the furnace partly through the opening (52 and partly through theports 52" leading to the flue 54-. communicating with the boiler. Thatpart of the gas which passes through the opening 62 flows downwardthrough the fines 24 to the slag pocket 26 and thence to the upper partof the regenerator 28 where. it gives up the greater part of its heat tothe checker-ln'icks and then passes by the way of the fine 30' to thestack 32. the valve 36 being norn'ially open at all times and the valve3i being open when the combustion air and fuel are introduced at theleft end of the furnace. The hot waste gases that pass out through theports 52 meet the waste gases which are introduced under pressure fromthe nozzles 50. This mixture of .waste gases iiowstln'ough the. flue 54-into the boiler all] where the gases give up their heat to generatesteam before they are discharged through the. flue Lita to the stack 32.

The Waste gases discharged through the nozzles 50 are of such velocitvand volume that the pressure created in the line it is the same as thepressure that e 'isls in the flue ill. the ports l llaillltl the meltinchamber of the furnace. with ctuisideralidh to the static pre ure..llecause of this snbslantially balanced condition of the Pl(l ll1' morefully described.

Lana-see there will be no flow of gases from the melting chamber throughthe ports 52 and flue 54 to the boiler 40 or vice-verse. The conditioncreated by the introduction of waste gases through the nozzles 50'therefore acts like a shut-off valve in the ports 52 which communicatewith flue'54 leading to the boiler. At this time no waste gases areintroduced through the nozzles 50. The total valume of waste gas thatpassesthrough the boiler 40 is regulated or controlled by the valve-39in the flue 38. The flow of gas through the regenerators and the boilerrespectively can also be automatically .controlled by the temperature infines 30 and 30. Such control can regulate the valves 3d and 34 or thevalve 39 as hereinafter It is desired at all times to supply asufficient but not excessive amount of gases through the regenerators inorder to properly preheat the combustion air. The pressure or volume ofwaste gases .drawn through the boiler flue 38 to the nozzles 50 and 50is regulated by the speed of the fan 4-2.

At the end of a glWZll period when the furnace is to be reversed, thevalve 34' is closed and the valve 34 opened and the reversing valveshifted to the dotted line position. a The combustion air will then flowthrough the regenerator 28, fuel will now be introduced through theburner 64 at the opposite end of the furnace and the waste gases willflow out through the ports 52 and (32 leading respectively to the boiler40 and rcgencrator 28. The valve 48 will be shifted so as to supplywaste gas through the pipe ill to the nozzles 50, therefore causing thewaste gases to flow to the boiler through the fine 54 and equalizing thepressure in the line 54 with that of the melt ng clnuaber so that nowaste gas will flow from the right hand end of the furnace to thelOllQl. The amount or pressure of the gases supplied to the nozzles 50and 50 respectively ran be autonuitically controlled as illustrated inFig. 5 by the pressure or the current of gases in the fines iii and 54so that during various periods of o )eration and under varyingconditions the flow of gases from the furnace to the boile automaticallytakes place as outlined above. The means for securinglr'lli$"2lllt(lll1tltl0 regulation for convenience of illustration andsimplification of description is shown separately in a diagrammatic wayin Fig. 5. The furnace can be operated without such automatic regulatingdevice, the speed of the motor for fun 453 being controlled manually andthe operation of the valve ill) also being manuallycon trolled. llowevcr. it is preferred to automatically control these parts andsuitable automatic control apparatus will now be do ;-=cribcd withparticular reference to l ig. in this figure I show pipes it] and it)which seer-see enter the. dues 54- and respectively as close as possibleto the furnace. A pipe 71 isintroduced at the junction of the dues 54and 54 under the boiler 40. The pipes and 7Q are both connected to apipe 72 by sthree Way volve 7 3. The pipes-71 and 72 are communicatedwith separate chambers on opposite sides 01 the diaphragm 'Z l of apressure regulator 7 5-. This regulator carries tired contects 76 and 77which are connected by Wires 76 and 77 with a motor .78. The motor 78end the diaphragm 7 i are connected to the opposite terminals of asource of electrical energy indicated for example as a battery at 79.The motor 7 8 through the gearing 78 and 78 drives a feed screw 78 whichectueses s nut 80 adapted to cut in or out resistance 81 which isconnected in circuit with as motor 82 Which drives the the the 42 itwill he remembered is ode: ted to supply, Waste gases either to the noof the valve i8.

lVith the valve 4-8 set in the position shown in 1, pressure is suppliedto the nozzles 50 and Waste gases from the furnace enter the boilerthrough 'the flue 5 The valve 73 at this time is so set that thepressure in the p e79 is transmitted through pipe 72 to the regulator 75and the communication between regulator and the pipe 70 is cut 05?.

it there any pressure difference between the pipes 70 end 7 thedisphregm 74 "will be deflected end it circuit "will he made eitherthrough contact 76 or 7 7 which Will resuit in starting the motor 7 8-in one direo tion or the other so that the speed of the will eitherheincreased or decreased due out or cutting in resistance e pressure ordrett balance is restored between the pipes 70 and 71 and consequentlythe line 5% and the boiler 20 due to the eutorneti regulation or" thespeed of the fun When. no pressure difference exists in the flue 54between the points Where the since 70 end 71 enter, practically no flowoi occurs in said flue as, which is the desired object. At reversalperiods the valve 7 3 is turned to open corn-- niuoicetion alternativelybetween the pipes 70 end 70 respectively with the pipe 72 at the sometime the valve 4-8 and other reversing valves in the system areoperated.

l have provided means for automatically controlling the amount of wastegases taken through the boiler. if the volume of Waste gas passedthrough the boiler is too large a proportion of the total gases from thefurnace, the Waste gases pessing from the checker-chumbers of theregenerators will he corn putatively cool and the air subsequentlypassed through such regenerators will not be nope1'ly preheated. On theother hand if the amount passed through the boiler 1s les 50 or 50according to the setting valve 39 in such manner that the velve fore agood indication of the distribution of I Waste gases through the boilerand regenerstore. i utilize this condition for automatically controllingthe operation of valve 39 so as to pass the proper proportion of Wastegas through the boiler and regenerators respectively. I provide apyrometer which projects into the stock and which is connected by Wires90 and 90 with en indiceting instrument 91 of known design heving anindicating hand 93 adopted to make contact With either of the terminals92' or 93 The terminal 92 is connected by Wire 94* With a magnet 94; endthe terminal 93 is connected by e Wire 95 with a magnet 95.. The magnets9e and 95 are adopted to actuate urinatures fi land 9.5 which turn closecircuits across contacts indicated at 96 and 97.- These contactsconnected by Wires 96*- and 97 with the motor 93., -il hen the circuitis made cross the contacts 96 the motor will be turned in one directionand when the circuit is made cross the contacts 97' the motor will beturned in the reverse direction. The motor 98 is connected by Worm.gearing indicated a screw 98 operstively connected with he opened orclosed according the rection of rotation of the motor. From shove itwill be understood if temperature in a stack in the vicinity of thepyrometer 90 is too low the valve 89 is lowered, that is partly closer-tthus, throwing more gas through the 'regeuerstor and restoring theproper bah once. Or it the temperature is too high the valve Will belifted or opened wider so as to pass a greater proportion of the wastegases through the boiler. instead using the valve for this purpose it isto he derstood that a motor driven fan could substituted in which casethe motor or such fan. would be regulated. in it own similar to that inwhich the motor 02 regulated.

The above described furnace is s. .1 to burn tar, oil, powdered coal coor naturol gas and similar fuels lit" invention as also be used inconnection with furnaces-using producer to either when it is preheatedor when su producer gas is introduced directly iutothe chamber from theproducer Without preheating. Instead of supplying waste gas to thenozzles 50 and 50 I may supply sir instead. The jets ot'gss or air inef-i dition to serving the function above described, serve to cool downthe extremely no loss of heat will occur and consequently a greateramount of heat can be recovered for the generation of steam in theboiler.

Though I have described with great par-- ticularity details of theembodiment of the invention herein shown, it is not to be construed thatI am limited thereto as changes in arrangement and substitution ofequivalents may be made without departing from the invention as definedin the appended claims.

That I claim is:

1. In combination with an open hearth furnace, a boiler adapted to :beheated by waste gas from the furnace, and means for alternatelydirecting jets of gas to effect the discharge of the waste gas from theopposite ends of the furnace to the boiler.

2. In combination with an open hearth furnace, a boiler adapted tobeheated by waste gas from the furnace, and means for directing jets offluid for controlling the direction of flow of the waste gas from thefurnace to the boiler whereby the use of valves in the passages leadingfrom the furnace to the boiler is rendered unneces sary.

3. The combination with an open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted tobe heated by waste gas from the furnace, of fines connecting theopposite ends of the furnace with the boiler, ports communicating withsaid fiues and means for discharging jets of gas toward said ports todetermine which of said flues the gas will flow through to reach theboiler.

4:. The combination with an'open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted tobe heated by waste gas from the furnace, of fines connecting theopposite ends of the furnace with the boiler and means for alternatelydischarging jets of gas at points in juxtaposition to the ports in thefurnace lead.ng to said fines so as to alternately cause the waste gasto flow through the lines at opposite ends of the furnace without theuse of valves between the boiler and the furnace.

5. In combination withan open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted to beheated by waste gas from the furnace, lines connecting the opposite endsof the furnace with the boiler, nozzles arranged to discharge jets intosaid fines and means for alternately supplying fluid pressure to each ofsaid nozzles.

i In combination with an open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted to beheated aseaeeo by waste gas from the furnace, flues connecting theopposite ends of the furnace with the boiler, nozzles arranged todischarge jets into said flues, a blower, and means for alternatelyconnecting the nozzles at the opposite ends of the furnace with saidblower.

7. The combination of an open hearth furnace having regeneratorsconnected with the opposite ends thereof, means for reversing thedirection of travel of the combustion air and waste gases through thefurnace and regenerators, means for supplying fuel at the ends of thefurnace, a boiler, flues connecting the opposite ends of the furnacewith the boiler and means for alternately discharging jets of gas inproximity to the points at which said flues enter the furnace so thatpart of the waste gas is alternately withdrawn from each end of thefurnace and led to the .boiler.

8. In combination, an open hearth furnace having means for introducingair and fuel at each end of the furnace, a boiler adapted to be heatedby the waste gases from the open hearth furnace, flues connecting theends of the furnace with said boiler and means for introducing a jet ofgas or air under pressure at such a point between the'melting chamber ofthe furnace and the boiler that a suction is created on the waste gaseswhich are withdrawn from the melting chamber so that there will besubstantially no passage of gas through the flue leading from the boilerto the end of the furnace where the fuel and combustion air enter.

9. In combination an open hearth furnace having regenerators connectedtherewith, a boiler adapted to be heated by part of the waste gases fromthe furnace, a motor, means responsive to temperature changes of thewaste gases passed through said boiler and said regenerators forcontrolling the operation of said motor'and a member actuated by saidmotor adapted to control the proportion of waste gas drawn through said.boiler from said furnace.

10. In combination with an open furnace and a boiler adapted to beheated by waste gas from the furnace, flues connecting the opposite endsof the furnace with the boiler, nozzles arranged to discharge jets intosaid flues, a blower, and means for-alternately connecting the nozzlesat the opposite ends of the furnace withsaid blower and means forautomatically varying the speed of said blower.

11. In combination with an open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted tobe heated by waste gas from the furnace, fines con necting the oppositeends of the furnace with the boiler, nozzles arranged to discharge jetsinto said lines, a blower, means connecting the nozzles at the oppositeends of the furnace witii said blower, a motor for operating said blowerand meansv re sponsive to pressure variations for controlling the speedof said motor.

12. In combination with an open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted tobe heated by waste gas from the furnace, flue's connectingthe oppositeends of the furnace with the boiler, nozzles arranged to discharge jetsinto said flues, a blower, means with the boiler, nozzles arranged todisfurnace and a boiler adapted to be heated.

by waste gas from the furnace, flues connecting the opposite ends of the'furnace charge jets into said flues, a blower, and meansresgonsive topressure variations between sai flues and said boiler for automaticallycontrolling the speed of said blower.

14. In combination with an open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted tobe heated by waste gas from the furnace, flues connecting the oppositeends of the furnace with the boiler, nozzles arranged to discharge jetsinto saidflues and means for alternately supplying fluid pressure toeach of said nozzles, and means for automatically controlling thepressure of the fluid discharged from said jets so as to automaticallycompensate for slight variations in pressure between said flues.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed'my name.

WALDEMAR DYRSSEN.

